PRAGMATIC LANGUAGE
PLSI: Pragmatic Language Skills Inventory James E. Gilliam • Lynda Miller AGES: 5-0 through 12-11
TESTING TIME: 5 to 10 minutes ADMINISTRATION: Individual
The Pragmatic Language Skills Inventory (PLSI) is an easy-to-use, norm-referenced rating scale designed to assess children’s pragmatic language abilities. Its 45 items can be administered in only 5 to 10 minutes. The PLSI has three subscales: • Personal Interaction Skills —assesses initiating conversation, asking for help, participating in verbal games, and using appropriate nonverbal communica- tive gestures. • Social Interaction Skills —assesses knowing when to talk and when to listen, understanding classroom rules, taking turns in conversations, and predicting conse- quences of one’s behavior. • Classroom Interaction Skills —assesses using figu- rative language, maintaining a topic during conversa- tion, explaining how things work, writing a good story, and using slang appropriately.
Cutoff scores are provided for determining whether the student exhibits characteristics of a pragmatic language disorder and should be referred for a more comprehensive language assessment. Guidelines are provided to help the examiner in interpreting the results. Reliability and validity ratings are exceptionally strong and support the use of the PLSI as a diagnostic instrument. Teachers, early interventionists, and other profes- sionals will find this test useful and thorough. Identify students who have a disorder, document progress in ability, collect data for research, and target pragmatic language goals with this succinct, user-friendly test.
COMPLETE PLSI KIT INCLUDES: Examiner’s Manual and 25 Summary/Response Forms, all in a sturdy storage box. (©2006)
#11365 PLSI Complete Kit $148.00 #11366 PLSI Examiner’s Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ 87.00 #11366E PLSI Virtual Examiner’s Manual . . . . . . . . . . . ............. 81.00 #11367 PLSI Summary/Response Forms (25) . . . . . . . . . ........... 71.00
PLOS: Pragmatic Language Observation Scale Phyllis Newcomer • Donald D. Hammill AGES: 8-0 to 17-11 TESTING TIME: 5 to 10 minutes ADMINISTRATION: Individual The Pragmatic Language Observation Scale (PLOS) is a 30-item, norm-referenced teachers’ rating scale that can be used to assess students’ daily classroom spoken language behaviors. The PLOS was normed on a sample of 994 persons in 15 states and has proven reliability and validity (including evidence of sensitivity and specific- ity). Its items relate to specific spoken language behaviors readily seen in instructional settings
(e.g., “pays attention to oral instructions,” “expresses thoughts clearly”). Teachers or other knowledgeable professionals rate the items on a 5-point scale. The PLOS can be used to (a) support a referral, (b) expand the scope of a comprehensive spoken language evaluation, (c) compare teachers’ ratings with test results, (d) help plan interventions, and (e) monitor the effectiveness of interventions. Results are particu- larly useful when used as part of a comprehensive spoken language evaluation or as a prereferral/referral tool.
COMPLETE PLOS KIT INCLUDES: Examiner’s Manual and 50 Summary/Rating Forms, all in an organized folder. (©2009)
#12875 PLOS Complete Kit $64.00 #12876 PLOS Examiner’s Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............... 37.00 #12876E PLOS Virtual Examiner’s Manual . . . . . . . . . . . ............. 37.00 #12877 PLOS Summary/Rating Forms (50) . . . . . . . . . . ............ 32.00
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2025–2026 ASSESSMENTS | 77
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