READING
The TOPEL has three principal uses: 1. Identification: Results from the TOPEL subtests are useful for documenting a child’s print, oral vocabulary, and phonological awareness ability 2. Documentation of Progress: Federal statutes, state laws, and/or school district policies at times require documentation of progress 3. Research: Educators can use this instrument to assess intervention-related change or to select students for research participation The TOPEL has three subtests, all results of which are then combined to determine the “Composite Score,” which ultimately best represents a child’s emergent literacy skills: 1. Subtest 1: Print Knowledge —36 items; measures alphabet knowledge and early knowledge about written language conventions and form; the child is asked to identify letters and written words, point to specific letters, name specific letters, identify letters associated with specific sounds, and say the sounds associated with specific letters. 2. Subtest 2: Definitional Vocabulary —35 items; measures single-word oral vocabulary and definitional vocabulary (assesses both surface and deep vocabu- lary knowledge); the child is shown a picture and asked to tell what the picture is, and to describe one of its important features. 3. Subtest 3: Phonological Awareness —27 items; measures word elision and blending abilities; the child is asked to say a word, then say what is left after dropping out specific sounds (elision) for the first 12 items; the child is asked to listen to separate sounds and combine them to form a word (blending) for the remaining 15 items. COMPLETE TOPEL KIT INCLUDES: Examiner’s Manual, Picture Book, and 25 Record Booklets, all in a sturdy storage box. (©2007) #12440 TOPEL Complete Kit $315.00 #12441 TOPEL Examiner’s Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . .............. 124.00 #12441E TOPEL Virtual Examiner’s Manual . . . . . . . . . . ............ 116.00 #12442E TOPEL Virtual Picture Book . . . . . . . . . . . . .............. 122.00 #12443 TOPEL Record Booklets (25) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .............. 81.00
TOPEL: Test of Preschool Early Literacy Christopher J. Lonigan • Richard K. Wagner • Joseph K. Torgesen •
Carol A. Rashotte AGES: 3-0 to 5-11 TESTING TIME: 25 to 30 minutes ADMINISTRATION: Individual
Children entering kindergarten or first grade are expected to have sufficient knowledge of vocabulary, phonological awareness, and print knowledge. The Test of Preschool Early Literacy (TOPEL) is a theoretically sound instrument designed to identify pre- schoolers who are at risk for literacy problems. It is easy to administer; early childhood educators, special educators, psychologists, diagnosticians, and other professionals who are interested in examining skills related to early literacy can administer the test. It provides valid and reliable raw scores, standard scores, and percentiles. The normative sample consists of 842 preschool-aged children (3 to 5 years) residing in 12 states. ERA: Early Reading Assessment Donald D. Hammill • Nils A. Pearson • Wayne P. Hresko • John J. Hoover AGES: 4-0 to 7-11 years TESTING TIME: 10 to 15 minutes ADMINISTRATION: Individual The Early Reading Assessment (ERA) is an easily administered norm-referenced screening test designed to identify those young children who have reading problems. It has high reliability, is empirically validated, and was normed on a representative sample of 1,001 children from eight states. Classroom teachers, special educators, speech pathologists, and school psychologists can easily administer and score the ERA subtests. Three of these are core subtests, the results of which are combined to create the Early Reading Index (ERI); the other two are supplemental subtests. Core Subtests and Composite Index — The three core subtests measure print competence pertaining to the alphabet, word identification, and word comprehension using both silent and oral formats. The content of these subtests measures both early manifestations of real reading and requisite skills that lead directly to real reading. • Written Word Vocabulary (WWV) • Rapid Orthographic Naming (RON) • Silent Orthographic Efficiency (SOE) • Early Reading Index (ERI) Supplemental Subtests — The supplemental oral language subtests measure impor- tant nonprint correlates of reading.
Statistical Characteristics — The ERA scores satisfy the most demanding standards of reliability. The reliability coefficients for all the subtests exceed .80. The reliability for the index is .94, indicating near perfect reliability. ERA scores are equally reliable for all the major demographic subgroups investigated. The scores for the ERA
core subtests (i.e., WWV, RON, and SOE) demonstrated large to very large correlations with five criterion reading scores (TOPEL, TERA-3, WJ III, TOSWRF, and TOSREC). Evidence is presented to show that the ERA Early Reading Index score can be used effectively to screen for poor readers. The results
from a binary classification analysis showed a sensitivity index of .81 and a specificity index of .83; only five false positives were identified. The value of .92 reported for the ROC curve is considered excellent. COMPLETE ERA KIT INCLUDES: Examiner’s Manual, Picture Book, 25 Examiner Record Forms, RON Stimulus Card, and 25 SOE Student Record Forms, all in a sturdy storage box. (©2012) #13730 ERA Complete Kit $303.00 #13731 ERA Examiner’s Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............... 101.00 #13731E ERA Virtual Examiner’s Manual . . . . . . . . . . . ............. 101.00 #13732E ERA Virtual Picture Book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............... 105.00 #13733 ERA Examiner Record Forms (25) . . . . . . . . . . . ............ 63.00 #13734E ERA Virtual RON Stimulus Card . . . . . . . . . . . . ............. 32.00 #13735 ERA SOE Student Record Forms (25) . . . . . . . . . ........... 35.00 This is a restricted product. Go to www.proedinc.com for details on user qualifications and to complete the User Acceptance Form.
• Phonological Awareness (PA) • Receptive Vocabulary (RV)
Scores Available — The ERA yields age equivalents, percentile ranks, scaled scores, and a composite, the Early Reading Index. Subtest standard scores have a mean of 10 and a standard deviation of 3. The Index has a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15.
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42 | 2025–2026 ASSESSMENTS
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